在Linux服务器上查看操作系统信息，可以使用
cat /etc/os-release命令来获取详细的发行版信息。在Linux服务器上，查看操作系统信息是系统管理员和开发者进行系统维护、故障排查以及性能优化的重要步骤，通过一系列命令，可以获取关于操作系统版本、内核信息、硬件配置等详细信息，本文将详细介绍如何使用这些命令来查看Linux服务器的操作系统信息。
查看操作系统版本信息
uname命令
uname命令用于显示系统的基本信息，包括内核名称、节点名称、内核版本、机器类型等，使用uname -a可以显示所有可用的系统信息。
uname -a
示例输出：
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.4.20-8 #1 Thu Mar 13 17:54:28 EST 2003 i686 athlon i386 GNU/Linux
lsb_release命令
lsb_release命令提供了Linux标准基础（LSB）兼容的发行版的信息，它适用于所有的Linux发行版，如RedHat、SUSE、Debian等。
lsb_release -a
示例输出：
Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS Release: 20.04 Codename: focal
/etc/os-release文件
大多数现代Linux发行版都包含一个名为/etc/os-release的文件，其中包含有关操作系统的详细信息。
cat /etc/os-release
示例输出：
NAME="CentOS Linux" VERSION="7 (Core)" ID="centos" ID_LIKE="rhel fedora" VERSION_ID="7" PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)" ANSI_COLOR="0;31" CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7" HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/" CENTOS_MANIFESTURL="http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
查看内核版本信息
uname命令
使用uname -r可以显示当前系统的内核版本。
uname -r
示例输出：
5、13.0-28-generic
/proc/version文件
查看/proc/version文件也可以获取内核版本和编译信息。
cat /proc/version
示例输出：
Linux version 2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64 (mockbuild@c1bm.rdu2.centos.org) (gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Mar 21 19:29:05 UTC 2017
查看CPU信息
lscpu命令
lscpu命令可以显示CPU架构信息，如核心数、每个核心的线程数、CPU家族等。
lscpu
示例输出：
Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 8 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-7 Thread(s) per core: 2 Core(s) per socket: 4 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 142 Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz ...
/proc/cpuinfo文件
查看/proc/cpuinfo文件也可以获取详细的CPU信息。
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l
示例输出：
2
查看内存使用情况
free命令
free命令用于显示系统的内存使用情况，包括总内存、已用内存、空闲内存等。
free -h
示例输出：
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 31Gi 3.2Gi 26Gi 988Mi 1.7Gi 27Gi
Swap: 12Gi 0B 12Gi查看磁盘空间使用情况
df命令
df命令用于显示磁盘分区的使用情况，使用-h参数可以以易读的格式显示信息。
df -h
示例输出：
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 16G 0 16G 0% /dev tmpfs 3.2G 2.4M 3.2G 1% /run /dev/sda1 232G 28G 193G 13% / tmpfs 16G 133M 16G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/loop0 50M 50M 0 100% /snap/core18/2253 /dev/loop1 99M 99M 0 100% /snap/core/11606 ...
查看网络接口信息
ifconfig命令
ifconfig命令用于显示网络接口的信息，包括接口名称、MAC地址、IP地址等，如果未安装，可以使用ip addr命令替代。
ifconfig
示例输出：
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST>RUNNING>MULTICAST> 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