在Linux下使用C语言创建窗口，我们可以使用GTK+库，GTK+是一个跨平台的图形用户界面库，它提供了一套丰富的控件库，可以帮助我们快速地构建图形界面程序，本文将详细介绍如何在Linux下使用C语言和GTK+库创建一个窗口。

1、安装GTK+库

在开始编写代码之前，我们需要先安装GTK+库，在Ubuntu系统中，可以通过以下命令安装：

sudo aptget install libgtk3dev

在其他Linux发行版中，可以使用相应的包管理器进行安装。

2、编写代码

我们需要包含必要的头文件，并定义主函数：

#include <gtk/gtk.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    // 初始化GTK+库
    gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
    // 创建一个窗口对象
    GtkWidget *window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
    // 设置窗口标题
    gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "我的窗口");
    // 设置窗口大小
    gtk_widget_set_size_request(window, 300, 200);
    // 显示窗口
    gtk_widget_show(window);
    // 进入GTK+主循环
    gtk_main();
    return 0;
}

3、编译代码

将上述代码保存为main.c，然后使用以下命令编译：

gcc main.c o main pkgconfig cflags libs gtk+3.0

4、运行程序

编译成功后，会生成一个名为main的可执行文件，运行该文件，即可看到一个简单的窗口：

./main

至此，我们已经成功地在Linux下使用C语言和GTK+库创建了一个窗口，接下来，我们可以学习如何使用GTK+库提供的控件库来丰富我们的窗口界面。

5、添加控件

GTK+库提供了丰富的控件库，例如按钮、文本框、标签等，我们可以使用gtk_widget_new()函数创建控件，并将其添加到窗口中，以下是一个简单的示例，向窗口中添加一个按钮和一个标签：

#include <gtk/gtk.h>
#include <stdio.h>
static void on_button_clicked(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) {
    g_print("按钮被点击了！
");
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    // 初始化GTK+库
    gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
    // 创建一个窗口对象
    GtkWidget *window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
    gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "我的窗口");
    gtk_widget_set_size_request(window, 300, 200);
    gtk_widget_show(window);
    // 创建一个标签控件，并设置文本内容和对齐方式
    GtkWidget *label = gtk_label_new("这是一个标签");
    gtk_label_set_alignment(GTK_LABEL(label), 0.5, 0.5); // 设置水平垂直居中对齐
    gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), label); // 将标签添加到窗口中
    gtk_widget_show(label);
    // 创建一个按钮控件，并设置文本内容和点击事件回调函数
    GtkWidget *button = gtk_button_new_with_label("点击我");
    g_signal_connect(button, "clicked", G_CALLBACK(on_button_clicked), NULL); // 连接点击事件回调函数
    gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), button); // 将按钮添加到窗口中
    gtk_widget_show(button);
    // 进入GTK+主循环
    gtk_main();
    return 0;
}

6、编译和运行程序

将上述代码保存为main.c，然后使用以下命令编译：

gcc main.c o main pkgconfig cflags libs gtk+3.0 lpango1.0 lgdk3 lgdi2 lpangocairo1.0 latk1.0 lcairogobject lcairo lgdk_pixbuf2.0 lgio2.0 lgobject2.0 lglib2.0 lfreetype lgthread2.0 pthread lm lgmodule2.0 ldl lrt lglib2.0 lintl Wl,noasneeded Wl,allowmultipledefinition Wl,padding=0 Wl,versionscript=compiler.txt # For the CXX symbols missing in the manual build section. Replace this with the output of g++ E dM yourfile.cpp > file.dat and search for 'missing' in it (Make sure to delete '#' at the start of each line) to find the correct options to pass to this command. See the makefile for an automated way of doing this. Note that this will only work with g++ and not with other compilers such as clang or icc. Also note that you need to run this command from the terminal, not from an IDE! If you get a "command not found" error, then you need to install the development packages for GTK+ and Pango (the latter is needed for rendering text). On Debian/Ubuntu systems, you can do this with the following commands: sudo aptget install libgtk3dev libpango1.0dev and sudo aptget install libatk1.0dev libcairo2dev. On Fedora systems, you can do this with the following commands: sudo yum install gtk3 pango atk cairo and sudo yum install gtk3 pango atk cairodevel. Finally, on Arch Linux systems, you can do this with the following commands: sudo pacman S gtk3 pango atk cairo and sudo pacman S gtk3 pango atk cairodevel. Then rerun the above command to build your program successfully! The reason we have to do all these extra steps is because we are building a shared library (which is what pkgconfig libs gtk+3.0 returns). When building a shared library, we need to link against all the libraries that it uses, even if they are not used by our program directly. This is why we need to pass all those extra options to the linker when building our program. If you don't do this, you will get a bunch of "undefined reference" errors when trying to run your program! If you still can't figure out what options to pass to the linker, then you should consult the documentation for your particular system and/or programming environment (e.g., the manual page for pkgconfig, the documentation for your C++ compiler and/or linker). If all else fails, then you can try asking on a forum or mailing list dedicated to your programming environment (e.g., Stack Overflow for GCC/C++) or your operating system (e.g., Arch Linux Forums for Arch Linux). Alternatively, you can try searching online for tutorials or guides on how to build GTK+ programs on your particular system (e